Identifying tropical dry forests extent and succession via the use of machine learning techniques     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

Information on ecosystem services as a function of the successional stage for secondary tropical dry forests (TDFs) is scarce and limited. Secondary TDFs succession is defined as regrowth following a complete forest clearance for cattle growth or agriculture activities. In the context of large conservation initiatives, the identification of the extent, structure and composition of secondary TDFs can serve as key elements to estimate the effectiveness of such activities. As such, in this study we evaluate the use of a Hyperspectral MAPper (HyMap) dataset and a waveform LIDAR dataset for characterization of different levels of intra-secondary forests stages at the Santa Rosa National Park (SRNP) Environmental Monitoring Super Site located in Costa Rica. Specifically, a multi-task learning based machine learning classifier (MLC-MTL) is employed on the first shortwave infrared (SWIR1) of HyMap in order to identify the variability of aboveground biomass of secondary TDFs along a successional gradient. Our paper recognizes that the process of ecological succession is not deterministic but a combination of transitional forests types along a stochastic path that depends on ecological, edaphic, land use, and micro-meteorological conditions, and our results provide a new way to obtain the spatial distribution of three main types of TDFs successional stages.  相似文献   

Strategies for waveform processing in sparker data     

Mathieu J. Duchesne  Gilles Bellefleur  Mike Galbraith  Randy Kolesar  Rick Kuzmiski 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2007,28(2):153-164

A sparker is a marine seismic impulsive source used for high-resolution seismic surveys. Sparker sources were very popular during the late 1960s and 1970s before being supplanted by small volume airguns. However, in the last 10 years there has been renewed interest in sparker technology because (1) it can be easily deployed at relatively low costs and (2) in certain areas the use of small airguns is restricted for environmental purposes. In this study a sparker source was used to assess the seismic stratigraphy of Quaternary deposits and to image the sediment/bedrock interface. Three different inverse filtering methods were tested (i.e., spiking deconvolution, match-filtering and vertical seismic profile (VSP) deconvolution) to correct the poor shot-to-shot repeatability of the source and to compress its reverberations. Results show that the matched-filter and VSP deconvolution methods, which design and apply one operator for each shot, produced comparable results, whereas the spiking deconvolution that used the same operator on all traces failed to compress the source signature properly.  相似文献   

测线布设方向的不同对海底显示的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏伟  刘雁春  肖付民  翟国君 《海洋测绘》2004,24(3):28-31

通过对几种典型海底沿不同方向布设测线所得到的拟合海底与原海底进行比较，发现测线布设方向的不同对海底显示的影响可归结为两种效应：平滑效应与伸缩效应。同时指出：对非线性平坦海底，沿梯度总方向布设测线、对于海底闭包按极坐标法布设测线可以很好地消除这两种效应的影响，从而达到完善海底显示的目的。实例分析结果验证了结论的正确性，该法可用于实际作业提高测深线布设对海底显示的准确度，同时直接构成海道测量智能设计系统的测深线自动布设建模。  相似文献   

LiDAR森林冠层高度模型凹坑去除方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王欣  陈传法 《测绘科学》2016,41(12):157-161

LiDAR技术被越来越多地应用于林业领域,而森林冠层高度模型作为其数据产品直接影响着森林参数的反演,但其存在的局部凹坑现象对森林参数信息的提取形成阻碍。针对此问题,该文对局部凹坑去除进行了研究。利用局部稳健加权回归对点云数据进行散点平滑处理,填充凹坑(无效值);再利用反距离加权插值生成冠层表面模型,使之与数字高程模型相减得到归一化高度点云,形成去除凹坑后的森林冠层高度模型。通过对研究区30个样方的点云数据处理,及与高斯滤波、中值滤波、分层高度最大值法进行比较,并提取树高等信息进行验证。结果显示,无论在去除凹坑效果还是保持原冠层顶部形态结构上,该方法都具有明显优势。  相似文献   

Source location variability and volcanic vent mapping with a small-aperture infrasound array at Stromboli Volcano,Italy     

Jeffrey?B.?JohnsonEmail author 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,67(1):1-14

Stromboli Volcano in Italy is a persistently active, complex volcanic system. In May 2002 activity was confined to 3 major summit craters within which several active vents hosted multiple explosions each hour. During a 5-day field campaign an array of 3 low-frequency microphones was installed to investigate the coherent infrasound produced by degassing from these vents. Consistent phase lags across the 3 stations indicate distinct sources that are subsequently investigated to determine the associated vent location, apparent depth, and origin time. The cross-correlation routine allows for variations in comparison window length, waveform filtering bandwidth, and correlation and consistency thresholds, allowing for improved detection of certain types of degassing sources. Identification of activity at the various vents could be subsequently corroborated with 3 channels of synchronously acquired thermal data and video. During the May 2002 experiment persistent, energetic infrasound was observed from a passive degassing source within the Central Crater (CC) and transient infrasound, produced by discrete Strombolian explosions, was identified at 4 additional vents. The continuous infrasound produced by the CC exhibits variable frequency-dependent correlation lag times that are interpreted as a diffraction effect due to the acoustic radiators recessed location within a steep-walled crater. Such dispersion has important implications for accurate eruption source modeling because it indicates that infrasonic waveforms may be significantly filtered during propagation. Transient explosion signals from the Northeast Crater (NEC) and Southwest Crater (SWC) vents also exhibit dynamic correlation lag times, but this scatter may be more reasonably attributed to variable epicentral locations. Explosions from the NEC west vent, for instance, appear to emanate from a diffuse zone with a lateral extent in excess of 10 m.Editorial responsibility: R. Cioni  相似文献   

2006年2月浙江文成珊溪水库ML4.6级震群的现场预测     

刘文龙  于海英 《华南地震》2006,26(3):34-44

2006年2月初浙江文成发生了ML4.6级震群活动,应用地震波方法及常规的活动性方法,分别于小震活动开始的次日和最大地震发生当日快速做出了正确的预测,为政府的决策提供了科学依据。回顾了预测过程和理由,并对这次震群发生的原因作了探讨。  相似文献   

基于声波方程的井间地震数据快速WTW反演方法   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

丁继才  常旭  刘伊克  赵伟 《地球物理学报》2007,50(5):1527-1533

WTW(Wave equation traveltime+Waveform inversion)反演是基于波动方程的走时反演（WT反演）和波形反演的联合反演方法.WT反演利用波动方程计算走时和走时关于速度的导数，和传统以射线为基础的走时反演相比，具有不必射线追踪、不必拾取初至、不必高频假设以及初始模型和实际模型差别较大时也能较好收敛等优点，但WT反演与波形反演相比其结果分辨率低.与之互补的是，波形反演的反演结果分辨率高，但是当所给初始模型和实际模型相差太大时，波形反演迭代算法容易陷入局部极小点.可见结合两种方法的WTW反演是一种比较好的联合反演方法.常规WTW迭代算法是首先以WT反演为主反演得到地质模型的整体特征，然后再以波形反演为主反演模型细节，该算法耗时和占用计算机存储空间接近WT反演或波形反演的两倍.为了节省运算耗时和计算机存储空间，往往采取首先单独利用WT反演然后再单独利用波形反演的算法.这样做的缺点是不能紧密结合两种反演方法，使得它们的优缺点在每一次迭代中无法得到互补，从而影响了最终的反演结果.针对以上事实，本文提出一种新的方法实现WTW，使得WTW运算速度和存储空间在任何情况下等同于WT反演或波形反演.模型计算表明新的算法具有更好的收敛性.  相似文献   

A Simulation Study of Smoothness Methods In Recovery of Regional Gravity Fields   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Peiliang Xu  Reiner Rummel 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,117(2):472-486

  相似文献   

中国台湾以东地区地震矩张量研究及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郑天愉  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》1994,37(4):478-486

本文利用长周期Ｐ波波形反演方法，推断了１９８６年１０月至１９９１年期间发生在中国台湾岛东部及其附近海域中８次中强地震的矩张量．矩张量解揭示了发生在这一区域边界处的地震震源性质的规律性变化：沿西部边界的主旋错动，沿北部边界的右旋错动，西北角花莲地区的逆冲断错及显著的体积收缩分量．这一结果表明，台湾地区是菲律宾海板块与欧洲大陆板块边界中的一特殊地段，海洋板块的俯冲在这里受阻．随着菲律宾海板块向西北方向的相对运动，在花莲地区发生了强烈碰撞．  相似文献   

地震波形速度记录和位移记录分析比较     

李培丽  傅再扬!数字台网中心 《福建地震》2001,(4)

利用位移与速度的函数关系 ,讨论地震观测系统中速度记录与位移记录的波形特征。进一步分析速度记录在地震观测中的重要意义。  相似文献